Gynaecomastia (Male Breast Enlargement)

Introduction:

Sub-areolar mastectomy is a surgical procedure performed to remove breast tissue, particularly in the area surrounding the nipple (areola). It is commonly used to treat certain conditions affecting the breast, including gynecomastia in men and selected cases of breast cancer in women.

Understanding Gynaecomastia (Male Breast Enlargement):

Sub-areolar mastectomy involves making an incision around the areola to access and remove the breast tissue underneath. The procedure aims to preserve the nipple-areola complex while removing the underlying glandular tissue. It is often performed under general anesthesia and may be combined with liposuction to remove excess fatty tissue.

Characteristics of Gynaecomastia:

• Indications: Sub-areolar mastectomy is indicated for individuals with gynecomastia, a condition characterized by the enlargement of breast tissue in males, as well as for selected cases of breast cancer in women, particularly those with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or Paget’s disease of the breast.

• Surgical Approach: The surgical approach may vary depending on the extent of breast tissue removal required and the specific goals of the procedure. In some cases, the procedure may be performed using minimally invasive techniques, such as endoscopic or robotic-assisted surgery.

• Preservation of Nipple-Areola Complex: One of the key goals of sub-areolar mastectomy is to preserve the nipple-areola complex whenever possible to maintain the natural appearance of the breast and minimize postoperative scarring.

Causes and Risk Factors:

• Gynecomastia: Gynecomastia can result from hormonal imbalances, certain medications, underlying medical conditions, or lifestyle factors such as obesity or excessive alcohol consumption.

• Breast Cancer: Risk factors for breast cancer include advancing age, family history of breast cancer, genetic mutations (e.g., BRCA1, BRCA2), hormonal factors, and certain lifestyle factors such as obesity and alcohol consumption.

Signs and Symptoms:

• Gynecomastia: Symptoms of gynecomastia may include breast enlargement, tenderness, swelling, and/or nipple discharge in males.

• Breast Cancer: Symptoms of breast cancer may include a lump or mass in the breast, changes in breast size or shape, nipple discharge, skin changes (e.g., dimpling, redness), and/or breast pain.