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A mole, medically known as a nevus (plural: nevi), is a common skin growth that develops when melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing pigment in the skin, grow in clusters. Moles can vary in size, shape, color, and texture, and they can appear anywhere on the body. While most moles are harmless, some may develop into melanoma, a type of skin cancer. Monitoring moles for changes in size, shape, or color is essential for early detection and treatment of any abnormalities.
Moles are typically brown or black in color and can range in size from tiny, barely noticeable spots to larger, more prominent lesions. They can be flat or raised and may have a smooth or rough texture. Moles may appear at birth (congenital moles) or develop later in life (acquired moles). The number of moles a person has can vary widely, with some individuals having just a few and others having numerous moles scattered across their body.
Appearance: Moles often have a round or oval shape and may be flat or slightly raised. They can vary in color from light brown to dark brown or black and may have a smooth or irregular border.
Size: Moles can range in size from tiny specks to larger than a pencil eraser. While most moles are small, some may grow larger over time.
Texture: The texture of a mole can be smooth, rough, or bumpy, depending on its location and characteristics.
Genetics: The development of moles is influenced by genetics, with individuals more likely to have moles if they have a family history of moles or a predisposition to melanoma.
Sun Exposure: Sun exposure plays a significant role in the development of moles, with UV radiation from the sun increasing the risk of acquiring new moles or causing existing moles to darken or change in appearance.
Hormonal Changes: Hormonal changes, such as those that occur during puberty, pregnancy, or hormone replacement therapy, can stimulate the growth of moles.
New Growth: The appearance of a new mole, especially after adolescence, should be monitored closely for changes in size, shape, or color.
Changes in Existing Moles: Changes in the size, shape, color, or texture of an existing mole can be indicative of potential malignancy and should be evaluated by a dermatologist.
Itching or Bleeding: Moles that itch, bleed, or become painful should be examined by a healthcare professional, as these symptoms may signal underlying issues.
Monitoring: Most moles are harmless and require no treatment other than regular monitoring for changes in size, shape, or color.
Excision: Suspicious or changing moles may be removed through surgical excision, in which the mole and a surrounding margin of healthy skin are cut out and sent for laboratory analysis.
Laser Therapy: Laser therapy may be used to remove small, noncancerous moles or to improve the appearance of raised or pigmented moles.
Sun Protection: Protecting your skin from the sun’s harmful UV rays by wearing sunscreen, protective clothing, and seeking shade can help reduce the risk of developing new moles and prevent existing moles from changing or becoming cancerous.
Self-Examination: Regular self-examination of moles and other skin lesions can help detect changes early and facilitate prompt medical evaluation and treatment if necessary.
