Incisional Biopsy

Introduction:

An incisional biopsy is a diagnostic procedure used to remove a small sample of abnormal tissue for examination under a microscope. It is commonly performed to investigate the nature of a suspicious mass or lesion and to establish a definitive diagnosis. Unlike excisional biopsy, which involves the removal of the entire abnormal tissue, an incisional biopsy involves the removal of only a portion of the lesion, providing valuable information about its cellular composition, structure, and characteristics.

Understanding Incisional Biopsy:

During an incisional biopsy, a surgeon makes an incision over or near the suspicious area and carefully removes a small piece of tissue for analysis. The specimen is then sent to a pathology laboratory, where it is processed, stained, and examined by a pathologist under a microscope. Incisional biopsy allows for the evaluation of cellular abnormalities, signs of inflammation, or other pathological changes, aiding in the diagnosis and management of various conditions such as tumors, infections, or inflammatory diseases.

Characteristics of Incisional Biopsy:

• Incisional biopsy may be performed under local or general anesthesia, depending on the size and location of the lesion and the patient’s comfort.
• The procedure is typically performed in an outpatient or hospital setting and may involve the use of specialized instruments or imaging guidance for precise tissue sampling.
• After the biopsy, the incision site is usually closed with sutures or adhesive strips and covered with a sterile dressing to promote healing and reduce the risk of infection.
• Patients may experience mild discomfort, swelling, or bruising at the biopsy site following the procedure, which can usually be managed with over-the-counter pain relievers and rest.

Causes and Risk Factors:

Incisional biopsy may be recommended when other diagnostic tests such as imaging studies or fine-needle aspiration are inconclusive or inadequate for obtaining a definitive diagnosis. The decision to perform a biopsy is based on various factors, including the location, size, and characteristics of the lesion, as well as the patient’s medical history and symptoms. While incisional biopsy is generally safe, potential risks and complications include bleeding, infection, nerve injury, or damage to adjacent structures.

Signs and Symptoms:

The signs and symptoms that prompt the need for an incisional biopsy vary depending on the underlying condition or suspected diagnosis. Common indications for biopsy may include:

• Presence of a palpable mass or lump that is suspicious for malignancy or other pathology
• Abnormal findings on imaging studies such as ultrasound, MRI, or CT scan
• Persistent or unexplained symptoms such as pain, swelling, or changes in skin color or texture