Sebaceous Cyst

Introduction:

A sebaceous cyst, also known as an epidermal cyst, is a common type of benign cyst that forms beneath the skin. It arises from a hair follicle and is filled with a thick, yellowish material called sebum, which is produced by the sebaceous glands. Sebaceous cysts are usually harmless and may occur anywhere on the body where hair follicles are present.

Understanding Sebaceous Cysts:

Sebaceous cysts develop when the opening of a hair follicle becomes blocked, causing the sebum to accumulate and form a sac beneath the skin. The cyst may gradually enlarge over time, leading to a visible or palpable lump. While sebaceous cysts are typically non-cancerous, they may become inflamed, infected, or rupture, causing pain, redness, and drainage of foul-smelling fluid.

Characteristics of Sebaceous Cysts:

• Appearance: Sebaceous cysts often present as smooth, round or oval-shaped nodules beneath the skin. They may vary in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter. The overlying skin may appear normal or have a slight discoloration.

• Contents: The contents of a sebaceous cyst consist of a thick, cheesy material called keratin, mixed with sebum and debris. When the cyst is punctured or ruptured, this material may be discharged onto the skin surface.

Causes and Risk Factors:

• Blocked Hair Follicles: Sebaceous cysts develop when the duct of a hair follicle becomes obstructed, preventing the natural flow of sebum to the skin’s surface. Factors such as hormonal changes, excess oil production, and skin trauma may contribute to the formation of these cysts.

Signs and Symptoms:

• Visible Lump: The most common sign of a sebaceous cyst is the presence of a visible or palpable lump beneath the skin. The lump may be soft or firm to the touch and may move slightly when touched.

• Pain or Discomfort: Sebaceous cysts are typically painless unless they become inflamed or infected. In such cases, the cyst may become tender, red, swollen, and painful to the touch.