Pilonidal Sinus

Introduction:

Pilonidal sinus, also known as pilonidal cyst or sacrococcygeal fistula, is a condition characterized by the formation of a small tunnel or channel in the skin near the tailbone (coccyx). This sinus can become filled with hair, debris, and fluid, leading to inflammation, infection, and the development of abscesses. Pilonidal sinuses often require medical treatment, ranging from conservative measures to surgical intervention, to prevent recurrence and complications.

Understanding Pilonidal Sinus:

A pilonidal sinus typically develops in the cleft between the buttocks, just above the coccyx. The condition is more common in young adult males and individuals who sit for prolonged periods or have a family history of pilonidal disease. Pilonidal sinuses often result from hair penetrating the skin and causing irritation or inflammation, leading to the formation of a cyst or abscess.

Characteristics of Pilonidal Sinus:

• Sinus Tract: Pilonidal sinuses manifest as small channels or tunnels beneath the skin, usually containing hair, skin debris, and pus.

• Abscess Formation: In some cases, the pilonidal sinus may become infected, resulting in the formation of an abscess. This can cause pain, swelling, and redness in the affected area.

Causes and Risk Factors:

• Hair Penetration: The primary cause of pilonidal sinuses is hair penetration into the skin, particularly in the coccygeal region. Friction, pressure, and ingrown hairs can contribute to the development of sinus tracts.

• Sedentary Lifestyle: Individuals who sit for extended periods, such as truck drivers or office workers, are at higher risk due to increased pressure and friction in the buttock area.

• Obesity: Excess weight and obesity can exacerbate the formation of pilonidal sinuses by increasing skin folds and moisture in the intergluteal region.

Signs and Symptoms:

• Pain: Patients with pilonidal sinuses may experience localized pain in the coccygeal region, especially during prolonged sitting or movement.

• Swelling: Swelling and tenderness around the pilonidal sinus or abscess are common symptoms, particularly during flare-ups or infections.

• Drainage: Pus or blood discharge from the sinus tract or abscess may occur, along with foul odor.