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Testicular torsion is a medical emergency characterized by the twisting of the spermatic cord, which supplies blood to the testicle. This condition can lead to severe pain, swelling, and potential damage to the testicle if not promptly treated. Testicular torsion requires immediate medical attention to restore blood flow to the testicle and prevent complications such as testicular loss.
Testicular torsion occurs when the spermatic cord, which contains blood vessels, nerves, and the vas deferens, twists abnormally, cutting off blood flow to the testicle. This twisting can occur spontaneously or due to trauma, and it often leads to ischemia (lack of blood flow) and subsequent testicular damage if not corrected promptly. Testicular torsion is most common in adolescents and young adults but can occur at any age.
Sudden Onset: Testicular torsion typically presents suddenly, with severe, acute pain in the affected testicle.
Swelling and Discoloration: The affected testicle may become swollen, tender to the touch, and appear red or darker than usual due to compromised blood flow.
Abdominal Pain: Some individuals may experience associated abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting due to the sympathetic nerve stimulation.
Anatomical Predisposition: Some individuals have a congenital predisposition to testicular torsion due to abnormal fixation of the testicle within the scrotum, making it more prone to twisting.
Physical Activity: Vigorous physical activity or trauma to the scrotum can increase the risk of testicular torsion, especially in susceptible individuals.
Severe Testicular Pain: The hallmark symptom of testicular torsion is sudden, severe pain in the affected testicle, often described as sharp or stabbing.
Swelling and Tenderness: The affected testicle may become swollen, tender, and sensitive to touch.
Abdominal Pain: Some individuals may experience referred pain in the lower abdomen or groin area.
Emergency Surgery: Testicular torsion requires immediate surgical intervention to untwist the spermatic cord and restore blood flow to the testicle. This procedure is typically performed under general anesthesia and involves surgically detorsing the testicle and securing it in place to prevent recurrence.
Orchiectomy: In cases where testicular torsion has caused irreversible damage to the testicle, surgical removal (orchiectomy) may be necessary to prevent complications such as infection and necrosis.
Prompt Medical Attention: Any sudden onset of testicular pain should be evaluated promptly by a healthcare professional to rule out testicular torsion and initiate timely treatment if necessary.
Testicular Self-Examination: Regular self-examination of the testicles can help individuals become familiar with their anatomy and detect any abnormalities or changes early.
