Leg (BKA & AKA)

Introduction:

Leg amputation, whether below-the-knee (BKA) or above-the-knee (AKA), is a surgical procedure where a part or the entire leg is removed due to various medical reasons. It is a major procedure often performed to alleviate pain, improve mobility, or prevent the spread of disease.

Understanding Leg Amputation (BKA & AKA):

Leg amputation involves the removal of part or all of the leg due to severe trauma, injury, infection, vascular disease, or cancer. BKA involves the removal of the leg below the knee joint, while AKA involves the removal of the leg above the knee joint. These procedures are carefully planned and executed to achieve the best possible outcome for the patient.

Characteristics of Leg Amputation:

• Both BKA and AKA procedures are major surgeries performed under general anesthesia.
• After amputation, the residual limb is carefully shaped and prepared to optimize prosthetic fitting and function.
• Rehabilitation and physical therapy are essential components of recovery to regain strength, mobility, and independence.

Causes and Risk Factors:

Common reasons for leg amputation include:

• Severe trauma from accidents or injuries.
• Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) leading to poor blood circulation.
• Diabetes complications such as neuropathy and foot ulcers.
• Intractable pain or infection that cannot be managed with conservative treatments.
• Tumors or cancerous growths affecting the leg.

Signs and Symptoms:

• Severe pain and tissue damage in the affected leg.
• Gangrene or tissue necrosis due to compromised blood flow.
• Chronic wounds, ulcers, or infections that do not heal.
• Reduced mobility and functional impairment in daily activities.

Treatment Options:

• Surgical Amputation: BKA or AKA procedures are performed by experienced surgeons to remove the affected portion of the leg.
• Prosthetic Rehabilitation: After surgery, patients undergo prosthetic fitting and training to learn how to use artificial limbs effectively.
• Physical Therapy: Rehabilitation programs focus on strengthening muscles, improving mobility, and adapting to life with a prosthetic limb.
• Pain Management: Medications and therapies may be prescribed to manage post-amputation pain and phantom limb sensations.